Table. 1.

Long-term monitoring infrastructure at or near the Great Western Woodlands TERN SuperSite flux towera

Measure Measurement details Period of measurement
Continuous to 30 min
Bioacoustics 1. 2 SM2+ Songmeters from Wildlife Acoustics, Inc. installed at two locations (recordings for 6 hours around sunrise and sunset daily)
2. 4 Bioacoustic recorders (Frontier Labs) installed in pairs (close and distant
to waterway) (recording constantly)
1. 2012–2020
2. 2020–present
Flux instruments 1. Open-path gas analyser (Licor 7500A/RS @36 m)
2. 3D sonic anemometer (CSA CSAT3B @36 m)
2012–present
Weather data 1. Wind direction (WINDSONIC4 @36 m)
2. Temperature and humidity (Vaisala HMP155 @3 m and 36 m)
3. Upwelling and downwelling longwave and shortwave radiation (Kipp and Zonen CNR4 @36 m)
4. Net radiation (Kipp and Zonen NR Lite 2 @36 m)
5. Rainfall (RIMCO RIM-7499-BOM)
2012–present
Soil heat flux Three heat flux plates (Hukseflux HFP01)
Two averaging soil thermocouple probes (CSA TCAV)
2012–present
Soil moisture and temperature 1. Soil moisture in two pits at 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90 cm (CSA CS616)
2. Soil temperature at 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 cm (CSA 107 temperature probe)
2012–present
Phenocams 1. Timelapse cameras
2. Outdoor Observation and Surveillance Field Camera (CSA CCFC @36 m)
1. 2012–2018
2. 2021–present (daylight only)
Tree diameter
increment
Logging Band Dendrometer (ICT DBL60). 7 Eucalyptus salmonophloia, 4
E. salubris, 4 E. transcontinentalis, 4 E. clelandiorum
2015–present
Photosynthetically
active radiation (PAR)
Incoming and reflected PAR (LI-190R Quantum Sensor @36 m) 2020–present
Twice yearly
Leaf area index, crown
and foliage cover
Digital cover photography at E. salmonophloia plot: 81 images on a 10 ×
10 m grid
2013–present
Depth to water table Sampled from bores at the E. salmonophoia and E. clelandiorum plots 2014–present
Birdlife Australia bird monitoring Up to twice yearly surveys across 26 sites on Credo, including core flux site
TERN AusPlots. Data collected and managed by Birdlife Australia, using Birdlife Australia 2 ha 20 min standard survey methodology
2014–2024
Litter accumulation 15 Litter traps in each of four 1 ha plots (E. salmonophloia plot, E. salubris plot,
E. transcontinentalis plot, E. clelandiorum plot)
2013–present
Annual
Vegetation composition
and structure
Standard TERN AusPlot vegetation method (White et al. 2012), September each year at E. salmonophloia TERN AusPlot 2013–present
Occasional
Tree diameter and height All trees in four TERN AusPlots tagged and measured at least 5 yearly:
E. salmonophloia (2012, 2018, 2023), E. salubris (2012, 2023),
E. transcontinentalis (2018, 2023), E. clelandiorum (2013)
2012–present
Baseline soil pit and chemical sample Soil physical and chemical description to 1.4 m 2012
AusPlots soil chemistry samples Standard TERN AusPlot method (White et al. 2012); samples stored 2013
AustPlots soil biological samples Standard TERN AusPlot method (White et al. 2012); samples stored 2013
BASE soil biological and chemical samples Soil chemistry and genomics at 0–10 cm and 20+ cm (data available from
Biomes of Australian Soil Environments (BASE) soil microbial diversity database, Bissett et al. (2016)
2013
Leaf physiology Leaf traits leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, leaf mass-per-area, and photosynthetic parameters on multiple species Bloomfield et al. 2018) 2013–2014
Standardised wood decomposition rate Pine blocks deployed in E. salmonophloia AusPlot, collected at 12 and
24 months post deployment (Zanne et al. 2022)
2016–2018
Standardised teabag decomposition rate Decomposition rate measured on two teabag types over 36 months
(Keuskamp et al. 2013)
2018–2021
Ant composition Sampled in E. salmonophloia AusPlot using TERN Australian SuperSites monitoring protocols (Wiehl et al. 2023) 2011–2012 and 2015
Airborne LiDAR coverage Airborne laser scanning over 5 × 5 km grid centred over flux tower 2012, 2021

TERN: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network.

aData and meta-data variously available from TERN Data Portal (https://portal.tern.org.au/), as cited, or from the authors.

J Ecol Environ 2023;47:- https://doi.org/10.5141/jee.23.072
© J Ecol Environ