Journal of Ecology and Environment

Table. 1. Table 1

Community and population attributes measured in plots of the different levels of Parthenium invasion

Attributes		Species richness (#species/m²)	Parthenium density (stem/m²)	Max. height of Parthenium (cm)	Parthenium cover (%)	Other vegetation cover (%)
Levels of Parthenium invasions	High	15^a ± 5	410^c ± 122	423^c (201)	95^c (10)	78^b (30)
	Medium	15^a ± 3	126^b ± 23	147^b (147)	45^b (6)	98^a (6)
	Low	14^a ± 4	34^a ± 6	8^a (19)	4^a (4)	100^a (11)
Test statistics	F	1.68	106.89	-	-	-
	χ²	-	-	76.92	79.99	33.33
	Degree of freedom	2, 87	2, 87	2	2	2
	p-value	0.192	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

Main entries for values of species richness and density of Parthenium are mean ± standard deviation; values for other parameters are medians (interquartile range)

Attributes analyzed by ANOVA have their F values and those analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test have chi-square (χ²) values. Values within each column with different alphabets (^a, ^b, ^c) in superscripts are significantly different at p < 0.05

J Ecol Environ 2022;46:- https://doi.org/10.5141/jee.21.00083